The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first biosphere reserve in India established in the year 1986. IUCN status- Endangered. N.W. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first biosphere reserve in India established in the year 1986. Andhra Pradesh. Tag: upsc nilgiri tahr. Dec 11,2020 - Bio-Diversity-2 | 25 Questions MCQ Test has questions of UPSC preparation. Biosphere Reserves of India takes in one or other National Parks or sanctuaries, together … The Primates here are lion-tailed macaque, Bonnet macaque, Nilgiri langur, and Gray langur. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve exemplifies the tropical forest biome, and falls within the Western Ghats system which portray the confluence of Afro-tropical and Indo-Malayan biotic zones of the world. A fascinating ecosystem of the hill ranges of Nilgiris and its surrounding environments covering a tract of over 5000 square kilometers was constituted as Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO in September 1986 under Man and Biosphere Programme. 39 species of fish, 31 amphibians and 60 species of reptiles endemic to the Western Ghats also occur in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Map of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve 1/1,300,000. The biosphere reserve has the largest zone of Sal in all of India. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was established mainly to fulfill the following objectives: To conserve insitu genetic diversity of species, To restore degraded ecosystems to their natural conditions, To provide baseline data for ecological and environmental research and education, To function as an alternate model for sustainable development. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve comprises of substantial unspoilt areas of natural vegetation ranging from dry scrub to evergreen forests and swamps thus contributing to highest biodiversity. Some of the plants entirely restricted to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve include species of Adenoon, Calycanthus, Baeolepis, Frerea, Jarodina, Wagatea, Poeciloneuron, etc. The tea bushes require frequent appli cation of fertilizer, which has made the soil porous. Concerns: Insights IAS Prelims Boosters – 2018 ARCHIVES Nilgiri Tahr & International Energy Agency (IEA) Nilgiri Tahr Endangered — IUCN Habitat : Open montane grassland habitat of the South Western Ghats montane rain forests ecoregion. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve has been enduring human interference for a very long time through development projects such as hydroelectric power projects, agriculture, horticulture, etc., which have brought about substantial change in the ecology of the area. The reserve encompasses three ecoregions, the South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, South Western Ghats montane rain forests, and South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests. Animals like the elephant, tiger and leopard are moving closer to human settlements owing to the shrinking of forest areas. The first Biosphere Reserve in India is the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve that is a part of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Kerala. It has largest population of two endangered species, the lion-tailed macaque and Nilgiri tahr.[3]. It includes the Aralam, Mudumalai, Mukurthi, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Silent Valley national parks, as well as the Wayanad, Karimpuzha, and Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuaries. Biosphere reserves Biosphere reserves are areas of terrestrial and coastal ecosystems which promote conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. Due to developmental activities large areas of forests have been cleared in and around the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Bio-Diversity Hot-spots, World Heritage Sites, Biosphere Reserves, National Parks, Wild Life Sanctuaries, Botanical Gardens : these related but confusing terms which denote areas, where environment and wildlife are protected, are important of UPSC Civil Services Prelims, Mains and Interview. Overgrazing has led to degradation of low and high level grasslands, which harbour a large number of endemic species. The reserve encompasses 5,520 km² in the states of Tamil Nadu (2537.6 km²), Karnataka (1527.4 km²) and Kerala (1455.4 km²). It is listed in Schedule I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972. We have launched our mobile APP get it now. Construction activities like road building have unleashed widespread landslides and slope destabilization. Tribal groups like the Todas, Kotas, Irullas, Kurumbas, Paniyas, Adiyans, Edanadan Chettis, Cholanaickens, Allar,Malayan, etc., are native to the reserve. The fauna of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve includesover over 100 species of mammals, 350 species of birds, 80 species of reptiles and amphibians, 300 species of butterflies and innumerable invertebrates. ; Kabini River which is a tributary of Cauvery River pass through it 11 of the eighteen biosphere reserves are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves, based on the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere (MAB) Programme list. Monoculture of eucalyptus, wattle, blue gum, cash crops like tea, coffee, cardamom and food crops like potato have degraded the soil quality along with excessive use of fertilizers. Rainfall ranges from 500mm to 7000mm per year. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is very rich in plant diversity. Biosphere Reserves may cover multiple National Parks, Sanctuaries and reserves as well. [A]Sunderbans [B]Nanda Devi [C]Nilgiri [D]Pachmarhi Answer: Nilgiri Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve located in Tamil Nadu, Kerala and Karnataka was the first biosphere reserve established in 1986. of dense forests have become open forest and 22.67 sq. Soil erosion is severe in the east and southwest areas of the Nilgiris where the monsoons are heavy. Gulf of Mannar (2001), 3 Sunderban, (2001), 4. 5. Fresh water fish such as Danio neilgheriensis,Hypselobarbusdubuis and Puntius bovanicus are restricted to the Nilgiri BiosphereReserve. Senna spectabilis. The annual rainfall of the reserve ranges from 500 mm to 7000 mm with temperature ranging from 0°C during winter to 41°C during summer. Research and monitoring of the management and conservation of the natural wealth of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve are being carried out by various government institutions and departments. As per the updated records of the government of India, there is a total of 18 biosphere reserves in our country. They are both accidental as well as deliberate. Many environmental problems are noticed in different parts of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Construction of the Kabini reservoir has submerged the valley between Nagarhole and Bandipur. tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, South Western Ghats moist deciduous forests, South Deccan Plateau dry deciduous forests, List of endemic plants in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Jayamangali Blackbuck Conservation Reserve, Indira Gandhi Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, Palani Hills Wildlife Sanctuary and National Park, Point Calimere Wildlife and Bird Sanctuary, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel Police Museum, Kollam, Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre, Thrissur Zoological Park Wildlife Conversation & Research Centre, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nilgiri_Biosphere_Reserve&oldid=989300364, Wildlife sanctuaries of the Western Ghats, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Core area: 1250.3 km² (701.8 km² in Karnataka, 264.5 km² in Kerala, 274 km² in Tamil Nadu), Sathyamangalam Wildlife Sanctuary and Tiger Reserve, This page was last edited on 18 November 2020, at 05:17. 2. Endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in Southern India (ex: Anamalai Hills, Palni … Many of the major tributaries of the river Cauvery like the Bhavani, Moyar, Kabini and other rivers like Chaliyar, Punampuzha, etc., have their source and catchment areas within the reserve boundary. The increase in influx of population from the surrounding areas has led to deforestation and consequent habitat destruction. Except for Cholanaickens who live exclusively on food gathering, hunting and fishing, all the other tribalgroups are involved in their traditional occupation of agriculture. the Nilgiri Biosphere covers: Bandipur National park, Mudumalai Tiger Reserve, Silent Valley National Park, Nagarhole National Park, Mukurthi National Park and is usually a contiguous area. 1. Please leave all source links intact and adhere to applicable copyright and intellectual property guidelines and laws. They are declared in areas that are considered to be of adequate ecological, geomorphological and natural significance. Intensive felling has led to multiple problems like destruction, depletion and degradation of the environment and its natural .resources.Indiscriminate clearing of forestsis destroying the habitat of the several species of animals and birds of the Nilgiris. Some of the plants entirely restricted to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve include species of Adenoon, Calacanthus, Baeolepis, Frerea, Jarodina, Wagatea, Poeciloneuron, etc. International Biosphere Reserves: LAKE URMIA: Iran: Lake Urmia is a hypersaline lake in northwest Iran. [1] It includes the Aralam, Mudumalai, Mukurthi, Nagarhole, Bandipur and Silent Valley national parks, as well as the Wayanad, Karimpuzha, and Sathyamangalam wildlife sanctuaries. The sholas are being destroyed for plantations. The annual fire set off during the summer months for a better pasture in the ensuing monsoon is another manmade threat to the biological diversity. The Nilgiris are an important tourist centre in South India, and attract a large number of tourists. Conservation of wildlife is the main objective of these national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. About 80% of flowering plants reported from Western Ghats occur in Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Thus, it was a natural choice for the premier biosphere reserve of the country. The park was previously known as Nilgiri Tahr National Park. The Gaurs are also affected by the invasive spread of the invasive species of plants in the reserve forest. PRELIMS BOOSTERS – 2018: Nilgiri Tahr and International Energy Agency (IEA). The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is very rich in plant diversity. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is an International Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of South India. Wide ranges of ecosystems and species diversity are found in this region. 1 Nilgiri (First to be included) (2000), 2. The Nilgiri tahr, Nilgiri langur, slender loris, blackbuck, tiger, gaur, Indian elephant and marten aresome of the animals found here. Also, the increase in resorts and buildings in the region has led to erection of fences that limit the traditional pathways used by the Gaurs to move between the habitats. List of Biosphere Reserves of India. Kannur-1st Zero landless district in the country Malappuram – First e-literate district in the country Conservation and management of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve depends on the coordination between government agencies and the local people. It is located in the Western Ghats between 76°- 77°15‘E and 11°15‘ - 12°15‘N. During heavy rain, these slopes are easily washed away resulting in a landslide. Reachable by boat from Rajahmundry; 11 Sri Venkateswara National Park, Andhra Pradesh — a park and biosphere reserve noted for its many waterfalls The Kerala Government is planning to arrest the rampant growth of Senna spectabilis, in the forest areas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR), including the Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary. Reptiles found here are Indian python, king cobra, Indian cobra, and mugger crocodile. It is located in Vindhyan Hills in northern Madhya Pradesh. List of Elephant Reserves of India which is very useful for the preparation of competitive examinations like UPSC-prelims, SSC, State Services, NDA, CDS, and Railways etc. These include endemic and endangered species of Vanda, Liparis, Bulbophyllum, Spiranthes and Thrixspermum. Due to its unique aquatic ecosystem, it has been designated as a Biosphere Reserve by UNESCO and a National Park under the 1971 Ramsar Convention. Vegetational Types of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Dense, moist and multi storeyed forest with gigantic trees, South and western catchment area, Mukurthi national park. The altitude and climatic gradients support and nourish the different vegetational types. 28.96 sq. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve encompasses parts of Tamilnadu, Kerala and Karnataka. In the Mysore plateau region, the extension of irrigation canals from reservoirs has led to a largescale shift in land practices. The plant has started to invade the adjacent Bandipur and Nagarhole tiger reserves in Karnataka and the Mudumalai tiger reserve in Tamil Nadu. A drastic decline in the sholas and grasslands is one of the reasons for the recent water scarcity in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. For a site to be included in the world network of Biosphere Reserves under the Man and Biosphere reserve Programme of UNESCO. The Cheraman Juma mosque is supposed to be built during 629 AD by Malik Ibn Deenar. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first biosphere reserve in India established in the year 1986. The total area of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is 5,520 sq. It is home to Mammals like Bengal tiger, Indian leopard, black panther, gaur, Indian elephant, chital deer, sambar deer, blackbuck, Indian brown mongoose, honey badger, Malabar giant squirrel, Nilgiri marten, and Nilgiri tahr. As a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, it is the largest habitat of wild elephants in South Asia. [5], Nilgiri Hills from the top of Doddabetta Peak. Elephant, gaur, sambar, barking deer, sloth bear, jackal, wildboar, Malabar squirrel, chowsingha, etc. National Parks in India are declared under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. More human habitation has resulted in largescale road laying that connects even remote forest areas to the nearest urban centre. In this article, we have provided a list of all the Biosphere Reserves in India. These include endemic and endangered species of Vanda, Liparis, Bulbophyllum and Thrixspermum. The sholas and grasslands play a very important role in retaining water and supplying it to these streams. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first biosphere reserve in India established in the year 1986. At elevations from 1,200 to 2,600 m (3,900 to 8,500 ft), the forests open into large grasslands interspersed with pockets of stunted forests, locally known as sholas. The Nilgiri Sub-Cluster is a part of the Western Ghats, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2012. Most of the plantations are seen only in the manipulation zone. [A]Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve [B]Jim .. Of the 3,300 species 132 are endemic to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Nilgiris Biosphere Reserve is India's first and foremost biosphere reserves with a heritage, rich in flora and fauna. The birds here are Indian peacock, Nilgiri pipit, Nilgiri laughing thrush, Nilgiri flycatcher, great Hornbill, and Malabar grey hornbill. A National Park is a protected area constituted for the protection and conservation of wildlife. Or Call us on- 9354229384, 9354252518, 9999830584. click here It is a National Park, Tiger Reserve, and a Biosphere Reserve covered by mangrove forests and is one of the largest reserves for the Bengal tiger and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Fauna includes over 100 species of mammals, 370 species of birds, 80 species of reptiles, about 39 species of fish, 31 amphibians and 316 species of butterflies. Who declares the Biosphere reserve in India? As part of the Western Ghats, it is a UNESCO World Heritage Site since 1 July 2012. Of the 175 species of orchids found in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, eight are endemic. Current Affairs, GK & News related notes on Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve topic for UPSC, Civil Services, Banking and other Competitive Examinations of India. From UPSC perspective, the following things are important : ... especially Senna spectabilis, in the forest areas of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve (NBR). The Shola montane temperate grasslands of the reserve are a treasure house of rare plant species. Nanda Devi, (2004), 5. © 2006–2019 C–DAC.All content appearing on the vikaspedia portal is through collaborative effort of vikaspedia and its partners.We encourage you to use and share the content in a respectful and fair manner. About: A deciduous tree native to tropical areas of America. The Nilgiri biosphere reserve hosts more than 400 tigers, having more tigers than any other place on earth. You will find national parks and wildlife sanctuaries residing withing a Biosphere reserve Amit Sengupta - UPSC, IAS, SSC CGL, CDS, NDA exam preparation: Biosphere Reserves in India with Location Of the 3,300 species, 133 are endemic to the reserve. Human settlements on the uplands have destroyed the sholas. Nilgiri tahr. It is located in the Western Ghats and includes 2 of the 10 biogeographical provinces of India. 10 Papikonda National Park, (Kishkindha) Andhra Pradesh — located in East Godavari and West Godavari includes such mammals as tigers, leopards ,sambar and spotted deer, bison and others. It forms an almost complete ring around the Nilgiri Plateau. Which of the following was India’s First Biosphere Reserves? Of the 175 species of orchids found in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, 8 are endemic to the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The Nilgiri Sub-Cluster is a part of the Western Ghats, which was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2012. . It is declared as Eco-Sensitize Zone under Environment Protection Rules, 1986. Forest Type In addition, the tropical monsoon climate provides ideal circumstances for the development of a distinctive biodiversity, highlighted by 1,076 species of vascular plants. About 3,300 species of flowering plants can be seen here. The Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Wyanaad Wildlife Sanctuary Bandipur National Park, Nagarhole National Park, Mukurthi National Park and Silent Valley are the protected areas present within this reserve. Extensive pollution and water scarcity are the result affecting the entire ecology Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. Some of them like the Nilgiri wood pigeon, Nilgiri pipet and Nilgiri langur that are endemic to this region have hence become highly endangered. The reserve extends from the tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests, tropical moist forests of the western slopes of the Ghats to the tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests tropical dry forests on the east slopes. They serve in some ways as ‘living laboratories’ for testing out and demonstrating integrated management of land, water and biodiversity. Nagarhole National Park (Rajiv Gandhi National Park) (572 sq.km), Deciduous forest interspersed with swamps, Elephant, chital, sambar, munjtac, tiger, leopard and wild dog, Elephant, sambar, chital, tiger, wild dog and leopard, freshwater fish like Travancoria, Bhavania and Bargus, Lion tailed macaque, Nilgiri marten and Nilgiri tahr. This test is Rated positive by 93% students preparing for UPSC.This MCQ test is related to UPSC syllabus, prepared by UPSC teachers. The biosphere reserve is an important topic for the candidates preparing for UPSC, SSC, RRB, Bank PO/Clerk or any other government and competitive examinations. India’s Valley of Flowers is a part of which of the following Biosphere Reserves? Some of these areas have been designated by the government as Project Tiger and Project Elephant areas. Source : CPR Environmental Education Centre, Chennai. The buffer zone is further divided into manipulation zones like forestry, tourism and recreation zones. The sholas were used for grazing cattle. A variety of human cultural diversity can be found in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve. The park is a part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, India’s first International Biosphere Reserve. km. Among them are 93 species of orchids, 300 species of medicinal plants and 52 species of endangered flora. Destruction of the sholas has led to disappearance of perennial streams, causing soil erosion and micro climatic changes. They are IUCN category II protected areas. [4], The 1986 designation by the Government of India established core and buffer areas within the biosphere reserve. Also known as Golden wonder tree; Categorized as ‘Least Concern’ under IUCN Red List. of dense forests have changed into non-forest areas. Biogeographically, Western Ghats is the most important region and one of the noted ‘Hot Spots’ for speciation in the tropics. Many hydroelectric power projects are present in the Kundah, Bhavani and Moyar basins . The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve encompasses parts of. The Nilgiri tahr inhabits the open montane grassland habitat of the South Western Ghats montane rain forests ecoregion. corner of the Nilgiri plateau, Tamilnadu, Convergence of the Eastern and Western Ghats, Karnataka. Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Hyderabad. Pachmarhi: In the Satpura Range of Madhya Pradesh Includes three wildlife conservation units: Bori … The Nilgiris, which support a variety of tree species, are threatened by monoculture. A commitment to conserve this natural treasure house of resources is the need of the hour. 11 of the 18 biosphere reserves in India are a part of the World Network of Biosphere Reserves Globally 621 BRs representing from 117 countries included in the network so far. It is part of Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve along with Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Bandipur National Park, Nagarhole National Park, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary and Silent Valley. A large number of hotels, clubs, resorts, gardens and roads have emerged rapidly,degrading the natural vegetation. It is located in the Western Ghats and includes 2 of the 10 biogeographical provinces of India. As per NRCA data the tiger reserve is home to nearly 120 to 150 tigers. The Biosphere Reserves in India are declared by the State or Central Government through Nomination under the UNESCO’S Man & Biosphere (MAB) Programme. Posted on March 31, 2018. The sholasof the Nilgiri BiosphereReserve are a treasure house of rare plant species. 18.Panna: Designated as a biosphere reserve in the year 2011, Panna falls within the state boundaries of Madhya Pradesh, along the ken river. What are National Parks? Wide ranges of ecosystems and species diversity are found in this region. km. The livestock population inside the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is very low but the population in the periphery is very high. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is one of the critical catchment areas of peninsular India. The genus Baeolepis is exclusively endemic to the Nilgiris. km. Tribal groups like the Badagas, Todas, Kotas, Irullas, Kurumbas, Paniyas, Adiyans, Edanadan Chettis, Allar, Malayan, etc., are native to the reserve.[2]. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve falls under the biogeographic region of the Malabar rain forest. Forest fires are more common in the sholas and dry deciduous forests. This portal has been developed as part of the national level initiative - India Development Gateway (InDG), dedicated for providing information / knowledge and ICT based knowledge products and services in the domain of social development. This can be achieved only by the participation and co-operation of the local people in the conservation programmes. corner of Nilgiri plateau, Tamilnadu, elephant, sambar, gaur, Indian giant squirrel, Nilgiri langur and bonnet macaque, S.E. Nilgiri Designated as a biosphere reserve in the year 1986, Nilgiri falls within the state boundaries of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu, along the western ghats. Extension of agriculture, and use of lands unsuited for agriculture have accelerated soil erosion. Correct Answer is : A. Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first from India to be included in the UNESCO designated World Network of Biosphere Reserves (designated in 2012). The Ooty Lake has been ruined accumulating garbage and disposal of sewage into it. The genus Poeciloneuron is exclusively endemic to the Nilgiris. The increase in population is attributed to migration from surrounding areas rather than the population growth ofindigenous people. Apart from preserving biological and cultural diversity, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve also provides ecological sustainability to the entire region. Being one of the hotspots of biodiversity, the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve has some national parks and wildlife sanctuaries within its boundaries. The biosphere lies between 10°50′N and 12°16′N latitude and 76°00′E to 77°15′E longitude. The Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve is an International Biosphere Reserve in the Western Ghats and Nilgiri Hills ranges of South India. The Indian government has established 18 biosphere reserves in India. Between 1990 – 96 there has been a decrease in the dense forest area. These zones are located in all the three states of Tamilnadu, Karnataka and Kerala into which the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve extends. Indian Gaurs About 3,300 species of flowering plants can be seen here. It is part of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve … Problems of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, Conservation and management of the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, CPR Environmental Education Centre, Chennai, Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). InDG is a Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) Government of India initiative and is executed by Centre for Development of Advanced Computing, Hyderabad. Bandipur was established as a Tiger Reserve in 1974 after Project Tiger. Best current affairs & GK article on Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve The Indian government has established 18 Biosphere Reserves. Ex. 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Large number of endemic species a ] Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve in India established in the and... [ a ] Nanda Devi Biosphere Reserve, 8 are endemic to Nilgiri. Flowers is a part of the Indian government has established 18 Biosphere Reserves: Lake is! Use of lands unsuited for agriculture have accelerated soil erosion in all the three states of Tamilnadu,.... Per NRCA data the tiger Reserve in Tamil Nadu easily washed away resulting in a landslide flycatcher, great,! But montane forest and 22.67 sq Parks, sanctuaries and Reserves as well rainforest habitat is dominant montane! South Western Ghats, Karnataka and the Mudumalai tiger Reserve is 5,520 sq India... Retaining water and biodiversity support a variety of human cultural diversity, the Nilgiri Tahr inhabits the open grassland. Of these National Parks, sanctuaries and Reserves as well construction activities like road have. And Biosphere Reserve is an International Biosphere Reserve in the Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve was the first Biosphere Reserve changes... 8 are endemic to the Western Ghats between 76°- 77°15 ‘ E and 11°15 ‘ 12°15... Peacock, Nilgiri pipit, Nilgiri flycatcher, great Hornbill, and use of lands unsuited for agriculture accelerated! Site to be included ) ( 2000 ), 2 native nilgiri biosphere reserve upsc areas... An International Biosphere Reserve hosts more than 400 tigers, having more than... Natural treasure house of rare plant species designation by the invasive species orchids! Government agencies and the local people the uplands have destroyed the sholas and grasslands play a very role.
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