English is a lingua franca right now, used by many speakers across the globe so they can communicate with one another if they do not know each other's native languages. The order in non-Hindi speaking states is: "(a) the regional language; (b) Hindi; (c) Urdu or any other modern Indian language excluding (a) and (b); and (d) English or any other modern European language. French is still a lingua franca in most Western and Central African countries and an official language of many, a remnant of French and Belgian colonialism. 2.3.1 SQL Dialects. Pidgin languages are rapidly developed and simplified combinations of two or more established languages, while creoles are generally viewed as pidgins that have evolved into fully complex languages in the course of adaptation by subsequent generations. Etymology []. The lingua franca was used extensively in the region through the Renaissance period and into the early 18th century. Russian is also one of the six official languages of the United Nations. [31], In the European Union, the use of English as a lingua franca has led researchers to investigate whether a new dialect of English (Euro English) has emerged.[33]. Also the term is Italian and means “Frankish language”, since “Frank” was used for naming all the Western Europeans. During the Roman Empire era, the lingua franca used across the empire was Koine Greek and Latin. [17], Douglas Harper's Online Etymology Dictionary states that the term Lingua Franca (as the name of the particular language) was first recorded in English during the 1670s,[18] although an even earlier example of the use of Lingua Franca in English is attested from 1632, where it is also referred to as "Bastard Spanish". English has been a dominant language in the world for a good chunk of recent history, and owned the space of business, commerce, science and aviation. Lingua Franca has been used throughout human history and was used for commercial, religious, and diplomatic purposes. By Joyce Chepkemoi on August 1 2017 in Society. Tap again to see term . HISTORY OF ENGLISH - • The term English as a lingua franca (ELF) refers to the teaching, learning and use of English as a common means of communication (or contact language) for speakers of different native languages. 6 In this thesis, unspecified term “Chinese” refers to Mandarin. 924 views View 4 Upvoters The use of lingua francas has existed since antiquity. This is also generally preferred to the term ‘lingua franca English’, as the latter implies the existence of one single lingua franca variety of English, which is most certainly not the case. [31] The earliest examples of writing in Swahili are from 1711. The use of English in the expanding circle refers to its function as a lingua franca. The only documented example of a sign language serving as a lingua franca is the Plains Indian Sign Language which is used all over North America. Lingua franca is a term of Latin origin that refers to languages that are tacitly adopted as a common language of understanding among people who speak different languages, especially for business or trade purposes. HISTORY OF ENGLISH - • The term English as a lingua franca (ELF) refers to the teaching, learning and use of English as a common means of communication (or contact language) for speakers of different native languages. [3][4] The term is taken from the medieval Mediterranean Lingua Franca, a Romance-based pidgin language used (especially by traders and seamen) as a lingua franca in the Mediterranean Basin from the 11th to the 19th century. The term ‘lingua franca’ refers to a common language that is spoken between people with different native languages. Later on, the term evolved to also refer to the language of the people. A stripped-down Italian peppered with Spanish, French, Greek, Arabic, and Turkish words, it began as a form of communication in the Levant. When the United Kingdom became a colonial power, English served as the lingua franca of the colonies of the British Empire. [12][6] At that time, Italian-speakers dominated seaborne commerce in the port cities of the Ottoman Empire and a simplified version of Italian, including many loan words from Greek, Old French, Portuguese, Occitan, and Spanish as well as Arabic and Turkish came to be widely used as the "lingua franca" (in the generic sense) of the region. Pronunciation [] IPA (): /ˈlɪŋ.ɡwə ˈfɹæŋ.kəNoun []. Its plurals in English are lingua francas and linguae francae,[21][22] with the former being first-listed[21][22] or only-listed[20] in major dictionaries. How Is It Different From A Lingua Franca? The Oxford English Dictionary definition is slightly different: A language that is adopted as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different. Lingua francas also go by names like trade languages, contact languages, or global languages. She is working as a caregiver to the elderly Olga (Lynn Cohen), whose mental health is on the verge of deterioration. The earliest English record proving the existence of the term lingua franca was in 1632 where it was known as “Bastard Spanish.”. Characteristics. Lingua franca is a term for a language used in business or other forms of contact between people of different cultures with different native languages. The British Empire colonized a significant portion of the Earth. The term lingua franca was first coined in the beginning of the 17th century by the Italians. Just like these varieties of English, English as a lingua franca (ELF) has characteristics that are not existent in British or American Standard English. Traders used Swahili as a lingua franca which enabled them to understand each other. Whereas a vernacular language is the native language of a specific geographical community, a lingua franca is used beyond the boundaries of its original community, for trade, religious, political, or academic reasons. The term was the combination of the term “Lingua” and “Franca” where “lingua” directly translates to “language” while “franca” directly means “Franks,” a term used to describe Europeans from Western Europe during the Byzantine Empire era. [35] This occurrence has led to interest in researching the consequences and affordances of the medical community communicating in a lingua franca.[35]. 4. The original meaning of the lingua franca (Italian - "Frankish language") refers to a particular pidgin language, which was used until the 19th century on the south and east coast of the Mediterranean as a trade and communication language. Akkadian (died out during Classical antiquity) and then Aramaic remained the common languages of a large part of Western Asia from several earlier empires. A pidgin or a lingua franca is a reduced means of communication; it is the social outcome of a less stable, more occasional communication situation bringing into contact speakers of different languages that are not necessarily bi- or multilingual. [32] In the early 19th century the use of Swahili as a lingua franca moved inland with the Arabic ivory and slave traders. Lingua Franca has been used to link cultures throughout human history since antiquity. Tap card to see definition . Sometimes in 17c. [9] Pre-existing lingua francas are generally widespread, highly developed languages with many native speakers. While lingua franca exists in many forms and variants all over the world, they all share several common characteristics. A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. (shared language) lengua franca nf nombre femenino: Sustantivo de género exclusivamente femenino, que lleva los artículos la o una en singular, y las o unas en plural. Click again to see term . Lingua franca, (Italian: “Frankish language”) language used as a means of communication between populations speaking vernaculars that are not mutually intelligible. Conversely, pidgin languages are very simplified means of communication, containing loose structuring, few grammatical rules, and possessing few or no native speakers. The term "lingua franca" refers to … English is rapidly becoming the lingua franca of Asia. You buy clothes even though you have enough at home. Languages used to facilitate trade between groups without a common native language. Lingua Franca might be the most commonly recognised of these three terms. Between 9th and 11th century it was lingua franca of great part of the predominantly Slavic states and populations in Southeast and Eastern Europe, in liturgy and church organization, culture, literature, education and diplomacy. English has been a dominant language in the world for a good chunk of recent history, and owned the space of business, commerce, science and aviation. A lingua franca (/ˌlɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/ (listen); lit. (…) The history of the English language started with the arrival of three Germanic tribes who invaded Britain during• the 5th century. The term is used in the information industry to refer to the most-widely used format, protocol or command language for a particular purpose. The term lingua franca derives from Mediterranean Lingua Franca, the pidgin language that people around the Levant and the eastern Mediterranean Sea used as the main language of commerce and diplomacy from late medieval times, especially during the Renaissance era, to the 18th century. In essence, a lingua franca is one that is used for communication between people who have no native language in common. Alongside or a derivation of Plains Indian Sign Language was Plateau Sign Language, now extinct. [36][37]. A lingua franca is a language used for communication between people with different _____. A language mutually understood and commonly used in trade by people who have different native languages. The origin of the term “Lingua Franca” is traced back to the Middle Ages when it was used to describe a language or jargon used around the eastern Mediterranean by traders and Crusaders. A lingua franca , also known as a bridge language, common language, trade language, auxiliary language, vehicular language, or link language, is a language or dialect systematically used to make communication possible between groups of people who do not share a native language or dialect, particularly when not one of the speakers' native languages. A lingua Franca is not confined within the geographical, cultural or linguist boundaries of the communities who identify as native speakers of the language, unlike a vernacular language which is limited within the linguist boundaries of the community using it as a native language. ", http://www.censusindia.gov.in/2011census/C-17.html, "How Hindi Became Arunachal Pradesh's Lingua Franca. It can refer to mixed languages such as pidgins and creoles used for communication between language groups. English as a lingua franca, as Kachru reminds us, is ‘a communicative tool of immense power’. Since Italian-speakers were the main players in the region’s trade and marine commerce in the Ottoman Empire, the Italian language was the primary composition of the lingua franca with the language featuring many Italian words and phrases. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2020 worldatlas.com. Characteristics. It was eventually adopted by Europeans as well during periods of colonization in the area. Significance of lingua franca is patent and valid for different types of institutions, organizations, communities and nations. I only recently found out … a language used between people whose main languages are different. 7 Crystal (2003a). In many cases, English is used as a lingua franca (e.g., in academic work or in countries where many different languages and dialects are spoken). as a lingua franca Such a usage may also extend the term Aztec to all the. When people first come across the term ‘English as a Lingua Franca’ or its acronym ‘ELF’, they tend to assume that it refers to a completely new phenomenon. A lingua franca is a language which is used as a means of communication among people who have no native language in common. The use of Aramaic as the lingua franca in Western Asia existed for several centuries and was used in several kingdoms and empires. Language used for communication between two or more groups that have different native languages. From Italian lingua franca (“ Frankish language ”). [7], Lingua francas are often pre-existing languages with native speakers, but they can also be pidgin or creole languages developed for that specific region or context. NFL legend threatens legal action over new beer. Bills TE out for season with virus-linked heart problem. The term “lingua franca” has two different meanings. Persian was a lingua franca during the Sassanian Empire and later in Islamic Persia. a person who was born in a particular place, people for whom a particular language is their first language. The term “lingua franca” also known as “trade language”, “bridge language” or “vehicular language” is the language used systematically as a common language between speakers whose native languages are different. Characteristics. These questions will assess your knowledge of key subjects that include the language that inspired the term Frankish tongue and an explanation of lingua franca. Nowadays, this “lingua franca” mainly refers to English; it is a common lingua franca across the world. Learn more. [19], The term is well established in its naturalization to English, which is why major dictionaries do not italicize it as a "foreign" term.[20][21][22]. The only documented sign language used as a lingua franca is Plains Indian Sign Language, used across much of North America. Viacheslav A. Chirikba, "The problem of the Caucasian Sprachbund" in Pieter Muysken, ed., Webster's New World Dictionary of the American Language, Simon and Schuster, 1980, six official languages of the United Nations, List of languages by number of native speakers, List of languages by total number of speakers, "lingua franca – definition of lingua franca in English from the Oxford dictionary", "Speaking in Tongues: Science's centuries-long hunt for a common language", "The Difference Between Lingua Franca, Pidgin, and Creole Languages", "Studies on translation and multilingualism", "An etymological dictionary of modern English : Weekley, Ernest, 1865–1954 : Free Download & Streaming : Internet Archive", "On the Conceptual History of the Term Lingua Franca", "How Hindi Became the Language of Choice in Arunachal Pradesh. The ‘English as a lingua franca (henceforth ELF) movement’ (cf. lingua franca /ˈlɪŋɡwə ˈfræŋkə/ n (pl lingua francas, linguae francae /ˈlɪŋɡwiː ˈfrænsiː/) a language used for communication among people of different mother tongues a hybrid language containing elements … Jenkins, however, claims that “the term English as a Lingua Franca (ELF) refers to the English that is used as a contact language among speakers who come from different first language and cultural background” (Jenkins, 2005). In East Africa, coastal trade brought together different cultures drawn from the continent’s mainland and Asia. Prakash M. Nadkarni, Luis N. Marenco, in Methods in Biomedical Informatics, 2014. Hausa can also be seen as a lingua franca because it is the language of communication between speakers of different languages in Northern Nigeria and other West African countries. 1 LINGUA-FRANCA Iffatara Nargis STD No- Department of English Green University Bangladesh 2. ][26][page needed] Many Indian states have adopted the Three-language formula in which students in Hindi-speaking states are taught: "(a) Hindi (with Sanskrit as part of the composite course); (b) Urdu or any other modern Indian language and (c) English or any other modern European language." Have you heard the term lingua franca before? ", "Listening instruction and patient safety: Exploring medical English as a lingua franca (MELF) for nursing education", "English – the universal language on the Internet? [23][24], The Hindustani language (Hindi-Urdu) is the lingua franca of Pakistan and Northern India. It can also refer to languages which are native to one nation (often a colonial power) but used as a second language for communication between groups. In medical practices and hospitals, nurses typically communicate with other professionals in English as a lingua franca. This language was once widely spoken along the Mediterranean, used as a common mode of communication between people who would not have otherwise been able to speak to each other. All lingua franca are used as a linguistic bridge linking different cultures, civilizations, and religions which otherwise would never have been linked. At that time, it represented a conglomeration of mostly Italian, with a smattering of French, Portuguese, Spanish, Turkish, Greek, and Arabic, and was used primarily as the language of commerce. A lingua franca (pronounced LING-wa FRAN-ka) is a language or mixture of languages used as a medium of communication by people whose native languages are different. 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