hsc biology infectious disease notes

Sometimes you just need to hear something in a couple different ways. A introduction to all of the concepts and content that is covered in the 2nd chapter of the search for better health module Learning Objective #1 – Investigate the causes and effects of non-infectious diseases in humans, including but not limited to: Genetic diseases Check out these videos, For a practical investigation, documenting pathogens that you see in flora outside your school may be used. Other courses include HSC Biology Preparation (Part 2), which covers the Genetic Change module, HSC Biology Preparation (Part 3) about Infectious Diseases, and HSC Biology Preparation (Part 4) covers Non-Infectious Disease and Disorders. when Sydney water was infected with Cryptosporidium and Giardia a campaign was launched to: Pesticides: kill plant/animal pathogens and kill insect vectors e.g. If their respiration, cell structure and metabolism are different, you can expect that pathogens have evolved different adaptations to infect them. Normal bacteria on your skin is normal, but sometimes these bugs can take advantage of your sickness. Inquiry question: How can non-infectious diseases be prevented? mosquitos for malaria. or non-cellular, and can infect both plants and animals. Antivirals target capsids, envelope proteins or polymerase enzymes (to prevent protein synthesis). Disease: Whooping cough (endemic) caused by bacteria Bordetella pertussis. Infectious diseases are the diseases caused by various pathogenic microorganisms such as virus, bacteria, protozoan, fungi, and other parasites. Module 7 – Infectious Disease: YEAR 12 NEW SYLLABUS BIOLOGY NOTES Module 7 – Infectious Disease: YEAR 12 NEW SYLLABUS BIOLOGY NOTES. Module 7 has been updated to have a focus on infectious diseases like influenza, Staph infections and many others. Drawing a diagram and then watching a video of a concept you are learning is the best way to understand. Module 6: Genetic Change. Simplify your notes so that you don’t get confused. S. aureus can also be found in food sources like meat, making it a great example to use when talking about infectious diseases. ... malaria is an infectious disease. Cows carry infectious prion prion → human consumption of cow meat → Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Describe a variety of infectious diseases caused by pathogens, including microorganisms, macroorganisms and non-cellular pathogens, and collect primary and secondary-sourced data and information relating to disease transmission, including: Pathogens can either be cellular or non-cellular: COMMON PATHOGEN: Giardia lamblia (infects small intestines → diarrhoea), COMMON DISEASE: WHEAT STREAK MOSAIC VIRUS. This module explores the study of non-infectious disease and disorders, including their causes and impacts on human health. Causes of Infectious Disease - Study Notes. Tropisms (attractions to certain tissues) determine which body sites microorganisms colonize. The Year 12 Biology course, revised in 2018, revolves around the study of 4 core modules: heredity, genetic change, infectious and non-infection disease and disorder. Adaptation: Uses chemotaxis to move through mucus (barrier) and transmit disease. whats an non infectious disease 25 Cards Preview Flashcards Sfbh S3. This means that there is a greater chance that they will mutate themselves to better attack their host. stomach cells will be damaged by acidic gastric juice, causing. Let’s recap. Search For Better Health. Normal flora is influenced by tropisms and many other factors (eg, diet, hygiene, sanitary conditions, air … does a great summary on the immune system, starting from infection and ending where the disease is resolved! This simple animation by Kurzgesagt does a great summary on the immune system, starting from infection and ending where the disease is resolved! the Western Australian government has a great resource on Native plant diseases, NAPLAN Practice Tests for Years 3, 5, 7 and 9, How to Write an English Essay in Years 9 and 10, How to Write a Band 6 HSC Creative Writing Story, How To Complete A Close Study of a Novel in 5 Easy Steps, The Ultimate Guide to Prescribed Texts in the HSC Common Module [2020], What It’s Like Studying a Bachelor of Communication (Journalism) at UTS, Pros and Cons of a Bachelor of Arts at UNSW, Pros and Cons of a Bachelor of Media at UNSW, Vai’s 3 Top Tips for Choosing a Career Path, What It’s Like Studying a Bachelor of Arts and Bachelor of Advanced Studies (Media and Communications) at USYD. Topic 4: Prevention, Treatment and Control. Use the inoculating loop to spread sample in zig-zag motion onto nutrient agar plate and immediately seal plate with sticky tape. Works against SOME pathogens e.g. Causes of Infectious Disease Multiple Choice Quiz 1. Potatoes grown asexually → genetically identical potatoes → fungal pathogen introduced to population → every potato is susceptible to disease → Irish potato famine. Inflammation: increases leakiness of blood vessels for efficient travel of white blood cells and signals phagocytes to travel to site of infection. HSC Biology: FAQs. Module 8 Non-infectious disease and disorders 57 Lessons Video lessons by expert teachers that cover the NSW Year 12 Biology Syllabus comprehensively. HSC – Biology - Module 8 - Non-infectious Disease and Disorders quantity Add to cart SKU: HSC-Exam-Ess-Biol-2020-4 Categories: Exam Essentials , HSC , Publications Assess the causes and effects of diseases on agricultural production, including but not limited to: Compare the adaptations of different pathogens that facilitate their entry into and transmission between hosts. The immune system is the cellular system that has the role of fighting off pathogens, just like your skin cells protect you from your external environment, and your red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen. Remember the gist of these two experiments because they are popular questions! Oftentimes, pathogens aren’t found on the human body. In response to an infection by H. pylori, stomach cells will be damaged by acidic gastric juice, causing damage to the stomach wall. Smoke bush contains essential oils which have medicinal benefits. Inform people of common symptoms and treatments. These are usually microorganisms such as viruses, bacteria, fungi or protoctists. Art of Smart Prevalence depends on implementation of health campaigns, vaccinations and education about sanitation. AS Biology Notes 2015 (all in one) A2 Biology Handwritten Notes 2016. If you’re looking for practice questions on HSC Biology Module 7: Infectious Disease, make sure you check out our 20 practice questions we put together for you here! Discovered micro-organisms in AIR cause disease. ... A2 Biology Notes 2016-2018 (all in one) #96 Using respirometers. Discovered anthrax was due to spores from carcasses being grazed by healthy animals. Allow to cool. Induced responses → plant identifies infected cells and induces cell death. –       First-time exposure to antigen will have a lag phase. –       Mother transfers antibodies to fetus. The data relates to incidence and prevalence rates of infectious disease in certain populations: To prevent the spread of disease, there are practices that have been put in place: How effective are antivirals and antibiotics at treating infectious diseases? Viruses have a protein coat (capsid) and some have envelope proteins which form when the virus replicates. Muscle contractions to help move mucus or kill pathogens (usually precursor to vomiting), Secrete viscous substance to trap pathogens, Makes skin slightly acidic which disfavours survival of pathogens, Tears contain lysozymes that can destroy pathogens. Investigate the contemporary application of Aboriginal protocols in the development of particular medicines and biological materials in Australia and how recognition and protection of Indigenous cultural and intellectual property is important, for example: Receive study guides, note, exam tips and bits of wisdom from our tutors each month. For example, you may have heard of Staphylococcus aureus which lives on your skin and in your nose. SAMPLE RISK ASSESSMENT: Hands should be washed thoroughly to remove any microbes from the skin which could cause disease. The videos fully explain complex biology questions through animations, first-hand investigations (filmed at … Negatives: secretions cannot be too acidic, otherwise the organism will be harmed. Consider using an Australian example like the airborne plant pathogen phytophthora which you can read about here! Fixed responses (non-specialised, same for all pathogens), Phagocytes (neutrophils, macrophages, monocytes, dendritic cells), Immunological memory (no lag phase for second exposure to antigen), Suppressor T lymphocytes (stop immune response), Memory T lymphocytes (remember specific antigen to reduce lag phase upon second exposure), Memory B cells (remember specific antigen to reduce lag phase upon second exposure). If they do get past the border, then depending on the transmission of the infectious disease (person to person, food borne, airborne, vector), there are varying responses to control the epidemic or pandemic which can be found here. vaccines and antibiotics. Negatives: cannot kill pathogens without cell walls. Study Tips for HSC Biology Module 8 Introducing Non-Infectious Disease and Disorders. In previous modules, you may have encountered usage of antibiotics as the major contributing factor in the rise of antibiotic resistance. ABOUT THESE NOTES. Science Year 12 Biology Non-infectious disease and disorders It is the responsibility of individual teachers to ensure their students are adequately prepared for the HSC examinations, identifying the suitability of resources, and adapting resources to the students’ context when required. Get Started. can also be found in food sources like meat, making it a great example to use when talking about infectious diseases. Precipitation: antibodies bind to antigen to become insoluble and precipitate out of solution. Module 7 is also dedicated to understanding how the immune system fights off disease, and what strategies are set in place to reduce your chance of getting sick! Isolating transported animals/produce and physically examining them to prevent spread/introduction of infectious disease. Engineer animals/plants that can produce antibodies for vaccines. Global health campaigns and warnings about travelling to countries infected with malaria was discouraged → decreased incidence. This new syllabus chucked out the optional module and brought in a whole section on non-infectious disease and disorders. Biology on HSC4Me covers all core modules, including: Heredity, Genetic Change, Infectious Disease, and Non-Infectious Disease & Disorders – Photography: photograph micro-organisms. Oidium eucalypti (fungal) → causes powdery mildew disease in Eucalyptus. Education on sanitation and cause/symptoms of malaria → decreased prevalence. Pathogens commonly develop genetic resistance via natural selection rendering the antiviral ineffective. – Infectious Disease: Caused by an invasion of the body by PATHOGENS. Contents. He injected this into sheep and repeatedly showed that it caused anthrax disease. We can help you master the HSC Biology syllabus and ace your upcoming HSC Biology assessments with personalised lessons conducted one-on-one in your home or at our state of the art campus in Hornsby! To sterilise inoculating loop move through blue flame of a Bunsen burner until it glows. You don’t need to use a named pathogen, but it can still be good to name a pathogen e.g. COLLABORATION: Koch discovered anthrax pathogen which Pasteur developed a vaccine for. For this dot point, you can use a pathogen adaptation against the host immune system to round out your answers. Investigate the work of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur, to explain the causes and transmission of infectious diseases, including: – Koch’s postulates – Pasteur’s experiments on microbial contamination. system that has the role of fighting off pathogens, just like your skin cells protect you from your external environment, and your red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen. Horse owners were educated on the common symptoms (fever, breathing difficulties) → seek early treatment. Infectious diseases are caused by pathogens. Biology BIO MODULE 7 – INFECTIOUS DISEASE. Adaptation: Constantly produces new antigens that organisms don’t recognise. Positives: removes AND protects from pathogens. HSC Biology Preparation Part 1 provides consolidation of the key content and skills from the Heredity module. The new HSC Biology Module 7: Infectious Disease is brimming with new content! Investigate procedures that can be employed to prevent the spread of disease, including but not limited to: – vaccination, including passive and active immunity. like influenza, Staph infections and many others. The work of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur was pivotal to understanding transmission of infectious diseases. Hair-like structrues that sweep pathogens from body. Investigate the response of a named Australian plant to a named pathogen through practical and/or secondary-sourced investigation, for example: Analyse responses to the presence of pathogens by assessing the physical and chemical changes that occur in the host animals cells and tissues, Investigate and model the innate and adaptive immune systems in the human body, Explain how the immune system responds after primary exposure to a pathogen, including innate and acquired immunity, Investigate and analyse the wide range of interrelated factors involved in limiting local, regional and global spread of a named infectious disease. This module better prepares you to understand the causes and effects, and strategies put in place to limit the spread of infection. –       Develops from the adaptive immune response. Discovered fermentation was due to yeast. Store food correctly and do not cross contaminate. Remove stoppers from test tubes and sterilise mouth of test tubes by moving through blue flame of Bunsen burner. You may not have had the chance to learn about some common diseases and disorders such as diabetes, heart disease or hearing loss. Image from Royal Australian College of General Practitioners. ... Mod 7: Infectious Diseases Notes (Isabel Charlotte) Australia has a strict border control and quarantine strategy put into place to reduce the risk of introducing potentially foreign infectious diseases. Negatives: some pathogens have adapted to change surrounding pH, enabling survival. For this topic, having a clear understanding of the roles of various cells of the immune system would help you understand. Organisms that are normal flora can occasionally cause disease, especially when defenses are disrupted. Now that we know what pathogens are and how they cause disease, we need to know how we can stop the spread. Seal one plate with no sample and label ‘control’. Negatives: build up of ear wax causes blockage of eardrum leading to other infections. Module 7 | Infectious disease Content 2: Responses to pathogens Lesson 1 | Australian plant response to a pathogen. your notes so that you don’t get confused. Now, we’ve got Module 7 and 8 which focus on changes in the human body in response to disease, strategies to prevent, control and treat disease and features of the pathogens that cause infections. Use our helpful guide to help you summarise information. at pathogens are and how they cause disease, we need to know how we can stop the spread. viruses (influenza), bacteria (tonsillitis), protozoans (malaria), prions (CJD), fungi (tinea). Here is a great overview on how it can enter the blood, and some features of the bacteria! We know that the innate immune system (neutrophils, macrophages) is the first one to kick in after an infection. Encourage vaccination of the population (especially families with babies) to develop herd immunity → babies will not get infected despite not being vaccinated. Designed for educational purposes. Primary exposure: first line of defence was unsuccessful. Pesticides against mosquitos were developed → decreased prevalence. Indirect: transmission of pathogens with no direct contact. Isolating patients in a hospital to contain an infectious disease. Established germ theory of disease: germs cause disease and all micro-organisms come from pre-existing micro-organisms. Pathogens commonly develop genetic resistance via natural selection rendering the antibiotic ineffective. Learning Objective #1 – Use secondary sources to evaluate the effectiveness of current disease-prevention methods and develop strategies for the prevention of a non-infectious disease, including but not limited to: How do diseases spread during an epidemic? Keep reading to get a breakdown of some changes to the syllabus/module, an outline of the topics and some tips and tricks so you can ACE Biology! Module 8 Non-Infectious Disease and Disorders 349 Appendix Index 374 iii Contents Science Press Dot Point NSW Biology Modules 5 To 8. account, account for State reasons for, report on, give an account of, narrate a series of events or transactions. Summarising what the dot points ask of you can be hard, so keep it succinct. However, to describe other mechanisms of food and water borne pathogens, make sure to use another example like Salmonella and Norovirus. Large occurrence of a specific infection across a population. selects and processes appropriate qualitative and quantitative data and information using a range of appropriate media”. Interpret data relating to the incidence and prevalence of infectious disease in populations, for example: – mobility of individuals and the portion that are immune or immunised, – Malaria or Dengue Fever in South East Asia, Evaluate historical, culturally diverse and current strategies to predict and control the spread of disease, Endoparasites: macroscopic organisms that live inside of organism, Ectoparasites: macroscopic organisms that live outside of organism, Soil, water, animals and injuries to animals caused by agricultural tools e.g. Fever: increased body temperature can slow down pathogen proliferation and increase white blood cell proliferation. Afterwards, if the pathogen is still around, the adaptive immune system (T cells and B cells) kicks in. How can the spread of infectious diseases be controlled? Established principle of immunity: Discovered way to weaken microbes = immunisation = vaccines for chicken cholera and anthrax. The transmission of bacteria is related to how it can spread during an epidemic i.e. Adaptation: Can change to pH of surrounding environment to survive in organism. Incubate plates upside down at 25° for 7 days. HSC4Me is the all-in-one study app that will give your Biology results a boost. Bacteria are more easily able to enter blood where they do not belong, causing disease. Overall Rating: Download . However, to describe other mechanisms of food and water borne pathogens, make sure to use another example like, The work of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur was pivotal to understanding transmission, of infectious diseases. Note that the immune system is a complex interaction between chemicals and cells. ... HSC Biology: Overview & Key Skills. Infectious agents are present all around us, and they come in different shapes and sizes. Food: mash up and put in a test tube with 2mL of distilled water. HENDRA VIRUS (bats transmitted disease to horses to humans). The new HSC Biology Module 7: Infectious Disease is brimming with new content! at the content focus to get a general idea about the module: We can see that there is a cellular, social and technological focus on disease. Imagine that your immune system is weakened and cannot fight off baddies, or you have a deep skin wound. Negatives: pathogens easily get past cilia. Currently being used in cancer research and to treat HIV. Open the petri dish: the dish should be on the table and the lid lifted at an angle no greater than 45° with opening away from people. If you need a quick recap of these topics, make sure you check out HSC Together which has FREE videos on every single HSC Biology syllabus dot point so that you can effectively consolidate your knowledge! Module 5: Heredity. Your Guide to HSC Biology Module 7: Infectious Disease. Does not work on a wide range of pathogens (only viruses). 1 Module 7: Infectious Disease. Immunity - Study Notes & Video. The module also considers medical and agricultural applications that draw on the work of a variety of scientists. Healthy host infected with pure culture must produce same symptoms as original host. Antibiotics can break down bacterial cell wall OR inhibit bacterial metabolic pathways OR inhibit bacterial transcription of mRNA to stop protein synthesis. grafting or propagation, COMMON DISEASE: POWDERY MILDEW (forms white powder spots and blackens leaves → reduces photosynthesis), Spores are released onto a leaf and carried in water droplets to other leaves, Exposure to stagnant water that contains spores of oomycetes, COMMON PATHOGEN: ROUNDWORMS (HELMINTH) → infect plant roots, COMMON PATHOGEN: TAPEWORM (HELMNITH) → prevent nutrient absorption on animals, Vectors (insects) sucking on diseased plants and piercing healthy plants, COMMON DISEASE: CREUTZFELDT-JAKOB DISEASE. Please, – classifying different pathogens that cause disease in plants and animals, – investigating the transmission of a disease during an epidemic, – design and conduct a practical investigation relating to the microbial testing of water or food samples, – investigate modes of transmission of infectious diseases, including direct contact, indirect contact and vector transmission. Acidic secretions (low pH) kill pathogens. Find out in our exclusive HSC Trial Exam Revision study guides – a new publication written, reviewed and published by the same teachers who will be marking your HSC exams! Aggluntination: activation of phagocytes. Copyright © Dux College Pty Ltd. All Rights Reserved | Privacy Policy, We are currently conducting in-person teaching at our centres, as well as online classes. And that wraps up our guide to HSC Biology Module 7: Infectious Disease! – history of infectious diseases, features of pathogens, effect on agriculture, – physical and chemical changes of plants and animals to pathogens, – process of innate and adaptive immune system fighting against infection, – strategies to control infectious disease like pharmaceuticals, vaccines, quarantine, Aboriginal protocols, Infectious diseases are usually caused by microorganisms that enter the body and trigger the immune system…but how do they, In this topic you learn about features of microbes and how they. You may already know some physical changes like: fever, vomiting and diarrhoea — but what does this look like on the cellular level? Vector: transmission of pathogens from infected individual to healthy individual via another animal e.g. doesn’t kill viruses. through contaminated food and water. Response to Pathogens - Study Notes & Video. What are the general differences between plants and animals? Change in farming practices to prevent transmission of future disease e.g. The topic of diseases is a change of pace from the previous two modules. Washed thoroughly to remove any microbes from the previous two modules adaptation: Uses a host ( mosquitos to! Viruses ), you can expect that pathogens have evolved different adaptations to infect them draw on the hsc biology infectious disease notes... Us, and can not fight off baddies, or you have a protein coat ( capsid ) transmit! On human health of Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur was pivotal to understanding transmission of pathogens from individual. On how it can still be good to name a pathogen e.g resource on Native plant diseases here and! Germ theory what is a complex interaction between chemicals and cells agreement enables... Plates upside down at 25° for 7 days or other agents ( to... Infected cells and induces cell death brimming with new content gist of these two experiments hsc biology infectious disease notes they are to. 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Chance that they will mutate themselves to better attack their host take advantage of your sickness pathogen phytophthora which can...

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