Su, P., Henriksson, A., Nilsson, C. and Mitchell, H., Synergistic effect of green tea extract and probiotics on the pathogenic bacteria. Probiotic bacteria as biological control agents in aquaculture. The objective of this research is to study the role of the probiotic bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens during the formation of a biofloc system for the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Previous studies have also proven that spore-forming Bacillus sp generates antimicrobial peptides which offer immuno-stimulatory effect to the animals.16 Probiotic strains are either used as a single bacterial strain or multi strains which contain more than one strain. %%EOF Faizullah, M., Rajagopalsamy, C.B.T., Ahilan, B. and Francis, T., Impact of Biofloc Technology on the Growth of Goldfish Young Ones. In most of the places water and land available for fish culture is very less, thus farmers intend to go for intensive culture,29 but intensification results in deterioration of water quality which causes stress to the fish followed by disease outbreak.107 Some intensive production techniques such as re-circulatory aquaculture systems (RAS) are generated to solve these concerns; however, they are not economically beneficial to the farmers as using RAS is quite expensive. Put 400gm once in every 10 days in the Biofloc Systems. Nhan, D.T., Wille, M., De Schryver, P., Defoirdt, T., Bossier, P. and Sorgeloos, P., The effect of poly β-hydroxybutyrate on larviculture of the giant freshwater prawn, Nikoskelainen, S., Ouwehand, A.C., Bylund, G., Salminen, S. and Lilius, E.M., Immune enhancement in rainbow trout (, Nimrat, S., Suksawat, S., Boonthai, T. and Vuthiphandchai, V., Potential. and Wasielesky, W., Superintensive culture of white shrimp, Krummenauer, D., Poersch, L., Romano, L.A., Lara, G.R., Encarnação, P. and Wasielesky Jr, W., The effect of probiotics in a. Kuhn, D.D., Boardman, G.D., Lawrence, A.L., Marsh, L. and Flick, G.J., Microbial floc meal as a replacement ingredient for fish meal and soybean protein in shrimp feed. Considering the practical merits of the technology mentioned above, significant studies are required to be conducted in the area on commercially cultivable fish species for the economic and environmental friendly sustainable aquaculture. Browdy, C.L., Ray, A.J., Leffler, J.W. It is supported by previous authors that implementing biofloc technique farmers can able to minimize the dependence of supplementary feed to the greater as microbial protein from biofloc origin has higher bioavailability than feed protein.8 Prior studies reported that animal reared in the biofloc water reduces the FCR and feed costs.46 The results from the earlier studies also indicated that L. vannamei can replace the supplementary feed of up to 29 % if biofloc method opts for the culture.21 In addition to these, the available reports also show that there was 20% improvement in feed utilization found in tilapia reared in Biofloc.11, Earlier study reported that the bacterial biomass yield per every gram of carbon used as a substrate is 0.5 g.29 It was reported in the early study that production of bioflocs takes place when the microbial concentration reaches 107 CFU/ml.21 The group matters (algae, detritus and other decomposed components) in the water including bacteria are attached with one another and forming a floc, which is called as biofloc.8 In biofloc technology, the obtainability of biofloc as feed to the animals is available whole the day; therefore, the dependence of artificial feed and the expenditures for feed and feeding will be dramatically reduced for following this method.10 Biofloc will be a main feed for filter feeders such as tilapia,10,13,30 shrimp,21,64,131 sturgeon and snook.123 However, utilization capacity of this fluctuates from animals of other feeding habits (omnivorous and carnivorous); thus, the concept of biofloc as a feed ingredient has been proposed. Exogenous Probiotics on Biofloc based Aquaculture: A Review, Effect of Pgrs and Nutrients on Growth, Nitrate Reductase Activity, Soluble Protein, Proline Content and Yield in Bhendi Hybrid Under Salinity, Effect of Different Micronutrients on Plant Growth, Yield and Flower Bud Quality of Broccoli (Brassica Oleracea Var. Crab, R., Avnimelech, Y., Defoirdt, T., Bossier, P. and Verstraete, W., Nitrogen removal techniques in aquaculture for a sustainable production. Journal Metrics. Reid, G., Sanders, M.E., Gaskins, H.R., Gibson, G.R., Mercenier, A., Rastall, R., Roberfroid, M., Rowland, I., Cherbut, C. and Klaenhammer, T.R., New scientific paradigms for probiotics and prebiotics. These naturally occurring bacteria exert their beneficial effects on the host by modifying the microbial community associated with the host, by ensuring improved use of the feed or enhancing its nutritional value, or by enhancing the host response towards disease. This certifies the improvement in the body weight of the aquatic animals when reared under this system. Wang, Y.B., Tian, Z.Q., Yao, J.T. Submission Flow De Schryver, P., Sinha, A.K., Kunwar, P.S., Baruah, K., Verstraete, W., Boon, N., De Boeck, G. and Bossier, P., Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) increases growth performance and intestinal bacterial range-weighted richness in juvenile European sea bass, De Souza, D.M., Suita, S.M., Leite, F.P.L., Romano, L.A., Wasielesky, W. and Ballester, E.L.C., The use of probiotics during the nursery rearing of the pink shrimp. The generation of a cost efficient technology would overcome these problems.29. Kamei, Y., Yoshimizu, M., Ezura, Y. and Kimura, T., Screening of bacteria with antiviral activity from fresh water salmonid hatcheries. Decamp, O., Moriarty, D.J. Fontenot, Q., Bonvillain, C., Kilgen, M. and Boopathy, R., Effects of temperature, salinity, and carbon: nitrogen ratio on sequencing batch reactor treating shrimp aquaculture wastewater. Hence, Salminen and co-authors redefined that they are either microbial cell preparations or microbial cell components that exerts beneficial impact to the host health.116 Based on above concept, eventually Irianto and Austin redefined that they are entire microbial cell components that exerts beneficial effect to the host health.70, Table 2: Some of the study conducted in fish with reference to probiotics supplementation, A significant demand for fishery commodities urges many farmers to go for intensive farming.15 But, disease outbreaks are very common in the intensive practices.103 To prevent the disease, use of antimicrobial drugs are common in the aquaculture.118 However, using these drugs is criticized as they kill both adverse and beneficial microbes.69 Also, they establish the resistance to those bacteria during continuous application.3 Also, they transfer some antibiotic resistant genes to the consumers as well.59,121 The application of chemotherapeutics to the system degrades the aquatic ecosystem as residues stay in the system.113 At present, governments and many social welfare organizations restricted the usage of antimicrobial drugs.83 Due to these concerns, it is the need for farmers to adopt techniques that eliminate the use of antimicrobial drugs usage.69 Defoirdt and co-authors recommend the use of probiotics is potent alternatives to the use of antibiotics in culture systems.40 An alternative to the use of anti-microbial drugs are immunostimulants such as vaccines and probiotics.99 Both methods use microbes for the action. Burford, M.A., Thompson, P.J., McIntosh, R.P., Bauman, R.H. and Pearson, D.C., Nutrient and microbial dynamics in high-intensity, zero-exchange shrimp ponds in Belize. Find here Aqua Probiotics, Biofloc Probiotic manufacturers, suppliers & exporters in India. Research must also explore how biofloc contributes to the improvement of growth and animal health performances. An exogenous root of probiotic bacteria on biofloc based aquaculture is a novel approach; relatively less number of studies has been performed in the area. Crab, R., Chielens, B., Wille, M., Bossier, P. and Verstraete, W., The effect of different carbon sources on the nutritional value of bioflocs, a feed for. and Pan, L.Q., Effects of bioflocs on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and body composition of juvenile. Yusuf, M.W., Utomo, N.B.P. It was noticed that the maximum removal of inorganic nitrogen is contributed by C: N ratio of 10:1.50 Previous workers have also assessed the impact of C/N ratio for giant fresh water prawn in the periphyton-based aquaculture system; the ponds received with periphyton as a substrate had higher production of heterotrophic bacteria and prawn production.7, It is suggested that economic use of carbon for biofloc technology depends on locally available industrial by-products. It is composed of microorganisms such as bacteria, algae, fungi, invertebrates and detritus, etc. Nevertheless, according to the best of author’s knowledge, at present no farmers in the country are following this technique. 180 tests per kit. Pulkkinen, K., Suomalainen, L.R., Read, A.F., Ebert, D., Rintamäki, P. and Valtonen, E.T., 2010. and Ramírez Saad, H.C., Use of probiotics in aquaculture. and kumar Sukham, M., Effect of dietary supplementation of periphyton on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities in, Asaduzzaman, M., Wahab, M.A., Verdegem, M.C.J., Huque, S., Salam, M.A. Although biofloc method and probiotics applications are promised to have positive roles aforementioned, the fish welfare often disturbed as the survival of the animals are always less in the fish farming. Probiotics also offers stress tolerance to the animals by reducing the metabolic, Aguilera-Rivera, D., Prieto-Davó, A., Escalante, K., Chávez, C., Cuzon, G. and Gaxiola, G., Probiotic effect of FLOC on Vibrios in the pacific white shrimp, Aiyushirota, I., Konsep Budidaya Udang Sistem Bakteri Heterotrop Dengan Bioflocs (2009). Gismondo, M.R., Drago, L. and Lombardi, A., Review of probiotics available to modify gastrointestinal flora. Crab, R., Defoirdt, T., Bossier, P. and Verstraete, W., Biofloc technology in aquaculture: beneficial effects and future challenges. Overfeeding is often common practice in the farming which increases the nitrogen content in the feed and when fish utilize this nitrogen through the feed it is excreted as ammonia which is toxic to the fish.51 It was demonstrated in the earlier findings that adopting biofloc technology would solve the problems concerned with ammonia toxicity as increasing consumption of nitrogen by heterotrophic bacteria rapidly increases the nitrification process, which ensures the reduction in the concentration of ammonium in the culture systems.63 The study also demonstrated that the production rate for heterotrophic bacteria for the utilization of ammonium is 10 times greater by heterotrophic bacteria as compared to that of nitrifying bacteria.63, Generally it is considered that biofloc contributes significant amounts of nutrition to the farm animals.84,91 Previous authors indicating that the augmentation of animal growth is due to utilization of algae, bacteria which contains adequate nutrients that support the growth.46 It is known that aquaculture can’t be sustainable without supplementary feed as it relies on 50 to 60 % of artificial feed which is about 60% of the total operating cost. The results suggested that biofloc can be a feed for this species without inferring the optimal growth as that of normal water systems.124 The authors were also noticed that feed cost was reduced up to 50% using this technique. h��XmO�H�+�B\�-����e�"`�+U��,��6U����? Recently new strategy of integrating both biofloc and probiotics were introduced called the exogenous addition of known probiotic bacteria to the biofloc. Use Biofloc Pond supplies and accessories from Indohobby to help maintain water Quality and create disease free environment . Prajith, K.K. © 2020 Current Agriculture Research Journal. Panigrahi, A. and Azad, I.S., Microbial intervention for better fish health in aquaculture: the Indian scenario. The following subheading covers the role of biofloc on different fields of aquaculture. Krummenauer, D., Peixoto, S., Cavalli, R.O., Poersch, L.H. More and more people are using probiotic products to treat or improve illnesses or to maintain overall well-being. endstream endobj startxref There are three types of probiotics such as soil, feed and water probiotics. Senok, A.C., Ismaeel, A.Y. BIOFloc system is controlled by the colony of bacterias that helps to remove harmful ammonia from the system. Browdy, C., Hargreaves, J., Hoang, T. and Avnimelech, Y., Biofloc Technology and Shrimp Disease Workshop (2013). The pond is fully aerated (needed for proper fish growth). This technology is basically of zero water exchange oriented i.e. Probiotic bacteria have capacity to increase the rate of expression of immune related genes that improve the immune status of the animals. In. and Lawrence, A.L., Biosecured production of juvenile Pacific white shrimp in an intensive raceway system with limited water discharge. Serfling, S.A., Microbial flocs: Natural treatment method supports freshwater, marine species in recirculating systems. Biofloc technology and/or application of probiotics provide promising results to aquaculture in terms of improvement in the growth and survival of aquatic animals, along with other benefits such as maintaining water quality without causing pollution to the environment. Gram, L., Melchiorsen, J., Spanggaard, B., Huber, I. and Nielsen, T.F., Inhibition of, Halet, D., Defoirdt, T., Van Damme, P., Vervaeren, H., Forrez, I., Van de Wiele, T., Boon, N., Sorgeloos, P., Bossier, P. and Verstraete, W., Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate-accumulating bacteria protect genotobiotic. So far, only few attempts have been successfully performed globally to identify the beneficial effects of exogenous probiotic strains on biofloc based aquaculture.1,31,62,77,146 An attempted works documented the positive results on growth and survival of the aquatic animals.1,31,62,77,146 In-vitro study by Hutabarat and co-authors (2013) reported that when biofloc inoculated with probiotic bacterium, Bacillus cereus produced higher amounts of polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) which is one of the main component believed to have role in the energy reserve and growth acceleration in fish.68 Crab and co-authors reported that biofloc based brine shrimp tanks immunized with Bacillus sp. It creates and maintains high water quality to create an ideal environment for ⦠Schveitzer, R., Arantes, R., Baloi, M.F., Costódio, P.F.S., Arana, L.V., Seiffert, W.Q. Chitagur: Fish food and water ratio control. Ekasari, J., crab, R. and Verstraete, W., Primary nutritional content of bio-flocs cultured with different organic carbon sources and salinity. The feed utilization test must be done to identify potential candidate species would be best for the culture; and also at what extend these techniques can reduce the feed cost must be available to the farmers for the implementation of this technology. In order to improve these problems, less aggressive alternatives to the environment have been sought. Cohen, J., Samocha, T.M., Fox, J.M. This stands for âColony Forming Unitsâ, and tells how many live bacteria are in a serving of the probiotic supplement. Test : 200 Test. Schmidt, A.S., Bruun, M.S., Dalsgaard, I., Pedersen, K. and Larsen, J.L., Occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fish-pathogenic and environmental bacteria associated with four Danish rainbow trout farms. To minimize the artificial feed requirement, the practice of increasing C: N of higher than 10:1 by utilizing different low-cost carbon sources which are locally obtainable is common in biofloc waters.28 Apart from reducing the feed cost, utilization of biofloc components will also decrease the amount of protein in the feed.9,63 It was established that the accumulation of toxic inorganic components including, NH4+ and NO2– will be stopped in the water when the maintenance of C/N ratio is high in the biofloc system as the ammonium consumption by the microbial community will increase.11,84 Earlier findings in the literature attempted to see the production of microbial protein by varying levels of C: N ratio in the feed. %PDF-1.5 %���� Mahanand, S.S., Moulick, S. and Rao, P.S., Water quality and growth of Rohu. and Ramasamy, P., Control of pathogenic. ), molasses and glycerol can be applied in the pond water to develop bioflocs.28 In addition to this, the mixture of different pelletized plant meals131 or low protein ingredients contains high C: N ratio is also be used to enrich the bioflocs.14,19 Although carbon sources act as a substrate for the microbial protein cell production, the mode of action differs between different carbon sources.9 Various authors were used different carbon source for the production of heterotrophic bacteria; molasses from solid fish waste,119 acetate, glycerol and glucose,31 tapioca flour,64,65 wheat flour.14 Previous study established that every one gram of carbohydrate, the carbon yield is 0.4 gram.89 Earlier reports also saying that 20g carbohydrate will be required for the immobilization of on gram of mineral nitrogen.9, Importance of Biofloc Technology in aquaculture, Biofloc technology is reliable for the cost effective, environmental friendly fish production.29 It is a preferable technique for facing the economic, ecological and social issues relevant to current aquaculture.110 The system has an advantage in intensive farming practices.29 The practice of rearing aquatic animals in the biofloc was established in the many countries. 2016;14(7):643-655. and Little, D.C., The biofloc technology (BFT) in indoor tanks: water quality, biofloc composition, and growth and welfare of Nile tilapia (. Kesarcodi-Watson, A., Miner, P., Nicolas, J.L. Also, continual usages of antibiotics lead animals to become resistant to pathogenic bacteria which lower the treatment effect. and Mancera, J.M., Dietary administration of probiotic Pdp11 promotes growth and improves stress tolerance to high stocking density in gilthead seabream, Vaseeharan, B.A.R.P. Depending on the way in which the probiotic bacteria are introduced to the animal, it differs. Tannock, G.W., Modification of the normal microbiota by diet, stress, antimicrobial agents, and probiotics. Ayoola, S.O., Ajani, E.K. There are many factors that affect biofloc growth. The study was demonstrated in the area by keeping biofloc as a control. and Yuhana, M., Growth Performance of Catfish (, Zhao, P., Huang, J., Wang, X.H., Song, X.L., Yang, C.H., Zhang, X.G. Despite the presence of bacteria in the biofloc or supplemented probiotics bacteria exhibits the mitigating effects on pathogenic microbes in the fish that ensures the non-specific immunity to the cultivable organisms, there is still dearth of knowledge in understanding the exact mechanisms behind how bacteria communicate each other (quorum sensing) to perform these effects. Biofloc waters rich in the heterotrophic bacteria which utilize the toxic nitrogenous matters as a substrate for their growth that helps maintaining the water quality through reducing the organic loads as well as biochemical oxygen demand of the system. Probiotic bacteria also have synergetic effect. Authors are thankful to the Director of ICAR- Central Institute of Fisheries Education (CIFE), Mumbai, India for the provision given to carry out this study. Function : NH3 & NH4. But, only two types of probiotics (feed and water probiotics) are majority used in aquaculture.114 In feed probiotics, the probiotic strain is introduced to animals via feed.54 In water probiotics, the bacterial spores are directly added to the culture water.148 Timmermans and co-authors reported that water probiotics are especially important to the early larval stages and small fishes as they are very less exposure to artificial feed.133 Various authors mentioned that water probiotics have a significant role in the water quality management.23,91,138 Cabak and co-authors reported gram-positive bacteria are more efficient for the conversion of organic carbon to the bacterial biomass.23 Verschuere and co-authors reported that gram-positive Bacillus sp. and Liu, C.H., Enhancement of immunity and disease resistance in the white shrimp. Hapsari, F., The effect of fermented and non fermented biofloc inoculated with bacterium Bacillus cereus for catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles. Direkbusarakom, S., Yoshimizu, M., Ezura, Y., Ruangpan, L. and Danayadol, Y., Ekasari, J. and Maryam, S., Evaluation of biofloc technology application on water quality and production performance of red tilapia. Especially this is the case with filter feeders which ingest bacteria at a high rate from the culture water, causing a bacterial infection to the animals.135 Previous reports in fish suggested that probiotics reduce the loads of harmful bacterial in the fish tissues.15,34,73,74,94,140 It has been reported that lactic acid bacteria such as lactobacilli and bifidobacteria are helping to reduce the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) pH by converting lactose into lactic acid.122 In this manner, colonization of many bacteria in the GIT is barred. We are manufacturer of Biofloc probiotic bulk supplier.Biofloc is mainly comprised of various beneficial microbial communities, but the action of some probiotics it contains is unknown. Cahill, M.M., Bacterial flora of fishes: a review. 91 0 obj <>stream Fuller, R., History and development of probiotics. Therefore, among these tested carbon sources for the initial set up of BFT, sugars, Jaggery appear to be more appropriate.Bacteria and probiotic in Biofloc fish farmingFCR in Biofloc fish farmingThe feed conversion ratio is an indicator that is commonly used in all types of farming, as well as in the field of research. Moriarty, D.J., The role of microorganisms in aquaculture ponds. It must survive during processing and storage conditions. Exogenous supplementation of probiotics to the biofloc is very recent area, still in the experimental level studies. As the aquatic animals have very close relationship with water and environment, the definition was reformed that they are live, viable microbial addition, results in the beneficial modification of host by having an association with microbial community or along with feed administration it improves the nutritional value of feed and/ or improve the immunity of host.138 At present, the scientific understanding on the probiotics study implies that even non-viable microbial constituents too can be administered for beneficially disturb the host intestine. This review describes the impacts of exogenous probiotics on biofloc based fish culture systems. Nevertheless, presently fish farming is suffering from various problems related to these. Overview of some of the study conducted in fish with reference to probiotics supplementation is listed in the table 2. According to Metchnikoff, probiotics are live microbes consumed with the aim to improve the health of the host organisms.90 In later year, parker, defined they are bacteria and its constituent which plays a role in the maintenance of healthy intestine.101 Later, Fuller, redefined probiotics are feed supplement which contains live microbes that positively disturb the host intestine results in the improvement of intestinal microbial balance.52 As the probiotic effect in the intestinal microbial balance has not been observed in some fish, Tannock redefined that they are live microbial cells utilized as a dietary supplements to improve the host health.130 As stated by Gatesoupe, probiotics are single or the combination of viable microorganisms which improves the indigenous micro floral property to the host.54, The definitions above mentioned are widely accepted for the terrestrial animals; however, still there is a debate for the aquatic animals. Bioflocs together with probiotics is reliable technique to aquaculture industry, but farmers needed to be satisfied with economic benefit; thus, require economic study. These led researchers to try generate a new technique to minimize these concerns. It also promises the less environmental impacts and footprints. Bacillus Group of Bacteria used but there is also another process called Nitrification Process is a biological process of breaking down Ammonia into Nitrate. Probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics for the treatment and prevention of adult dermatological diseases. 0 improved the water quality parameters when they added into the rearing water.138 Moriarty, indicated that seawater receives with an inoculum containing frozen cells reduced the time taken for nitrification process of about 30 %.91, Various studies have analyzed the use of probiotic bacteria to promote the health of the organisms.4,5,15,38,56,60,91,138 Conducted research on probiotics has shown many beneficial impacts to the health of cultured animals, including growth and immunity.39,134,138 Probiotics have many mechanisms of action: the competitive exclusion of pathogenic bacteria, serving as a nutrient source and contributing to enzymatic digestion of animals, beneficial effects on water quality, and improvement of the animal’s immune response.15,34,98,138 Many bacteria are being explored to be used as a probiotic strain as they contain the growth, immune stimulatory effects and resistance against pathogenic microbes.73 Previous studies indicated that the addition of probiotics in the water or feed increases growth, immunity, reduces animals to expose pathogenic bacteria and stops the growth of harmful pathogens.94,108,112,140 There is rapidly growing literature on the application of probiotics which indicates that it is one of the important methods developed to control disease at the farm; therefore, the addition of probiotics is common practice in fish farming.18 Aquatic farming is surrounded by environment that facilitates the natural uptake of potentially harmful opportunistic pathogens by animals through the water.24 Surrounding bacteria are continuously ingested when the fish is drinking; thus, harmful pathogenic microorganisms will reach high densities in the animal tissues. Van Hai, N., Amit Kumar., Mohamed Faizullah tiger shrimp (, R.B.,,... Were identified in biofloc, even in a bacteria dominated ( heterotrophic ) W.F., of... 10 days in the gut of juvenile white shrimp in an intensive raceway system with limited water exchange oriented.... Survive even during unfavorable Conditions generated in the white shrimp CO., LTD big (!  NAPHAVET CO., LTD big brand ( GMP â WHO ) of Vietnam modify! M.E., C/N ratio control and substrate addition for periphyton development jointly enhance freshwater.! Fish health in aquaculture: the Indian scenario corn, rice, etc live consumed..., and probiotics must be well studied algae, fungi, invertebrates detritus!, Kochva, M., Ballester, E.L., Cavalli, R.O.,,! M.F., Costódio, P.F.S., Arana, L.V., Seiffert, W.Q Verstraete, W. Bossier. `` for LIFE. bacteria in the area by keeping biofloc as a food in. 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J.M., water quality and good aeration system artificial substrates in the area by keeping biofloc a!, Amit Kumar. biofloc probiotic bacteria name Mohamed Faizullah protein feeds and feeding strategies, Changing paradigms in farming... Harmful nitrite and measures levels from 0 to 5.0 ppm, M.D., antimicrobial agents in medicine. Due to the biofloc systems supplying Aqua probiotics, special probiotic for biofloc aquaculture system, like Bacillus,,... Indian scenario problems related to these to treat or improve illnesses or to maintain well-being! Manufacturing and supplying Aqua probiotics, a goal of aquaculture rear under the higher stocking density with feed... Of Aqua farming relies on the way in which the probiotic from aquaculture sources in.! Robert, R., Watson, C., effect of fermented and non fermented inoculated! Pond supplies and accessories from Indohobby to help maintain water quality and good aeration system the higher stocking with... 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